Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka – A Complete Travel Guide to the Ancient Kingdom

Introduction

Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of Sri Lanka’s most historic and well-preserved ancient cities. As the second capital of Sri Lanka from the 11th to 13th century, Polonnaruwa is filled with majestic ruins, ancient temples, giant Buddha statues, and impressive stupas that reflect the grandeur of medieval Sri Lankan civilization.

A visit to Polonnaruwa offers a glimpse into the rich cultural and architectural achievements of the Sinhalese kings, making it a must-visit destination for history lovers, culture enthusiasts, and spiritual travelers.

Top Attractions in Polonnaruwa

1. Gal Vihara – The Magnificent Rock Buddha Statues 🪨

• A masterpiece of ancient Sri Lankan sculpture, featuring four large Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock.

• The reclining Buddha (14m long) is one of the most iconic Buddha statues in Sri Lanka.

2. Polonnaruwa Vatadage – The Circular Relic House 🏯

• A beautifully crafted circular structure believed to have housed the Sacred Tooth Relic of Buddha.

• Features intricately carved moonstones, guard stones, and stone pillars.

3. Rankoth Vehera – The Majestic Stupa ⛩️

• The largest stupa in Polonnaruwa, standing 55 meters high.

• Built by King Nissanka Malla in the 12th century.

4. Lankatilaka Image House – The Giant Standing Buddha 🙏

• A massive 17-meter-high standing Buddha statue inside a towering brick temple.

• The temple walls rise over 50 feet, showcasing medieval Sinhalese architecture.

5. The Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu I 🏰

• The ruins of an ancient royal palace, originally a seven-story structure with 1,000 rooms.

• Built by King Parakramabahu I, one of Sri Lanka’s greatest rulers.

6. Parakrama Samudra – The Great Reservoir 🌊

• A massive man-made lake built by King Parakramabahu to support irrigation.

• Still in use today, providing water for farming and fishing communities.

7. Nissanka Latha Mandapaya – The Lotus Pillared Hall 🌸

• A unique open-air stone pavilion believed to have been a place for chanting Buddhist scriptures.

• Features lotus-shaped stone pillars, showcasing elegant craftsmanship.

8. Thivanka Image House – Ancient Murals and Buddha Statue 🎨

• Houses a 12-meter-tall Buddha statue with a three-curved (Thivanka) posture.

• Interior walls are decorated with well-preserved murals depicting Buddhist stories.

Best Time to Visit Polonnaruwa

🔹 Tip: Visit early morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday heat.

How to Get to Polonnaruwa

📍 Polonnaruwa is located in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, approximately:
✔ 4.5 hours from Colombo
✔ 3 hours from Kandy
✔ 1.5 hours from Sigiriya or Dambulla

Transportation Options

✔ By Train – Take the Colombo to Polonnaruwa train for a scenic ride.
✔ By Bus – Direct buses run from Colombo, Kandy, and Anuradhapura.
✔ By Car/Taxi – A comfortable option via the A11 Highway.

Where to Stay in Polonnaruwa

✔ Luxury Resorts – The Lake Hotel, EKHO Lake House.
✔ Mid-Range Hotels – Giritale Hotel, Deer Park Hotel.
✔ Budget-Friendly Stays – Seyara Holiday Resort, Sudu Araliya Hotel.

Travel Tips for Visiting Polonnaruwa

✔ Wear comfortable shoes – The ruins cover a large area, requiring a lot of walking.
✔ Rent a bicycle or tuk-tuk – The best way to explore the ancient city.
✔ Carry water and sunscreen – The temperature can get very hot.
✔ Hire a guide – Gain a deeper understanding of the history and significance of the ruins.
✔ Respect the sacred sites – Dress modestly when visiting religious places.

Nearby Attractions to Explore

📍 Sigiriya Rock Fortress – Just 1.5 hours away, an iconic ancient rock citadel.
📍 Minneriya National Park – Famous for the largest elephant gathering in Asia.
📍 Dambulla Cave Temple – A UNESCO-listed Buddhist temple with ancient murals.
📍 Kaudulla National Park – A top spot for wildlife safaris and birdwatching.

Conclusion

Polonnaruwa is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Sri Lanka’s ancient heritage, architecture, and Buddhism. Whether you’re exploring massive stupas, rock-carved Buddhas, or medieval palaces, this historic city offers a glimpse into the island’s glorious past.

🔥 Planning your Sri Lanka trip? Don’t miss the majestic ruins of Polonnaruwa!